The intensive observing period number 2a (IOP2a) of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP Bougeault et al., 2001) took place on 17 September 1999 over the Lago Maggiore Area in northern Italy. Between 12 UTC and 00 UTC a convective line developed over the first slopes of the Lago Maggiore mountains and propagated south-eastwards. During the early night, the system intensified and produced 70 mm o...

A review is presented of molecular and mesoscopic computer simulations of liquid crystalline systems. Molecular simulation approaches applied to such systems are described and the key findings for bulk phase behaviour are reported. Following this, recently developed lattice Boltzmann (LB) approaches to the mesoscale modelling of nemato-dynamics are reviewed. The article concludes with a discuss...

This simulation serves us in two ways. First, it acts as further verification for the Level 2.5w convective scheme (the "convective engine" for the MCS parameterization). Second, diagnostic analyses guide us in the parameterization of the mesoscale circulations which comprise the fast (and perhaps some slow) manifold processes of an MCS. The diagnostics include conditional sampling of various q...

Kinetic energy (KE) spectra derived from global high-resolution atmospheric simulations from the Model for PredictionAcross Scales (MPAS) are presented. The simulations are produced using quasi-uniform global Voronoi horizontal meshes with 3-, 7.5-, and 15-km mean cell spacings. KE spectra from the MPAS simulations compare well with observations and other simulations in the literature and posse...