Abstract Model-based estimates of aviation’s climate impacts have found that contrails contribute 36%–81% instantaneous radiative forcing. These depend on the accuracy meteorological data provided by reanalyses like ECMWF Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) and Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research Applications V2 (MERRA-2). Using from 793 044 radiosondes, we find persistent forming at cr...

Precipitable water vapor (PWV) product with high accuracy and spatiotemporal resolution is important for climate change research. Hourly PWV products a can be provided by global navigation satellite system (GNSS) reanalysis data. The National Aeronautics Space Administration (NASA) the European Center Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) have recently released their of Modern-Era Retrospectiv...

It is well known from previous research that significant differences exist amongst reanalysis products from different institutions. Here, we compare the skill of NCEP-R (reanalyses by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, NCEP), ERA-int (the European Centre of Medium-range Weather Forecasts Interim), JCDAS (the Japanese Meteorological Agency Climate Data Assimilation System reanaly...

Tropopause folds are the main mechanism underlying stratosphere-to-troposphere transport and influence tropospheric composition weather systems by triggering convection. Here, we present global climatology of tropopause in Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis atmospheric products time period f...

This study provides a comprehensive overview of the temperature and zonal wind biases in eight reanalysis data products, with a focus on stratospheric levels. The study identifies biases in each reanalysis from the “reanalysis mean” (defined as the mean of the MERRA, ERA-Interim, and JRA-55 reanalyses). It then examines reanalysis temperature biases with respect to HIRDLS (an independent satell...