Importance The intergenerational transmission of childhood exposure to violence has powerful clinical and social consequences, consolidating social adversity and psychopathology in future generations. The 2007 Policy Briefing by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, “Preventing child maltreatment in Europe: a public health approach” (Briefing), recognizes that “there is an a...

Mental health disparities have received increased attention in the literature in recent years. After considering 165 different health disparity conditions, the Federal Collaborative for Health Disparities Research chose mental health disparity as one of four topics warranting its immediate national research attention. In this essay, we describe the challenges and opportunities encountered in de...

this article describes and explains some theoretical challenges to political ideologies and seeks to offer some proper responses to these challenges. in this regard, the following ideas are concentrated: 1) the political ideologies have their own subjective and objective motives and their own cognitive basics. the more these motives and basics change the more the political ideologies modifies. ...