BACKGROUND In patients with scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease (ILD), improvements of pulmonary function have been reported after treatment with cyclophosphamide (CYC) alone or CYC and high-dose steroids. The study objective was to identify therapeutic regimen that alone or in combination with laboratory or clinical characteristics were associated with pulmonary function improvement ...

OBJECTIVE Standard treatment for severe granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA) is daily oral cyclophosphamide (CYC), a cytotoxic agent associated with ovarian failure. In this study, we assessed the rate of diminished ovarian reserve in women with GPA who received CYC versus methotrexate (MTX). METHODS Patients in the Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial received either daily...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of i.v. CYC on the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with SSc, and the potential association of the EPC response with CYC's effect for treating interstitial lung disease (ILD). METHODS This open-label, prospective study involved 12 patients with SSc and alveolitis (CYC group). All patients received six courses of i.v. CYC (...

Mechanical loading stimulates bone formation and regulates bone size, shape, and strength. It is recognized that strain magnitude, strain rate, and frequency are variables that explain bone stimulation. Early loading studies have shown that a low number (36) of cycles/day (cyc) induced maximal bone formation when strains were high (2,000 microepsilon) (Rubin CT and Lanyon LE. J Bone Joint Surg ...

We report the identification, characterization, and cloning of another novel Drosophila clock gene, cycle (cyc). Homozygous cyc flies are completely arrhythmic. Heterozygous cyc/+ flies are rhythmic but have altered periods, indicating that the cyc locus has a dosage effect on period. The molecular circadian phenotype of homozygous cyc flies is like homozygous Clk flies presented in the accompa...

The link of hedgehog (Hh) signaling activation to human cancer and synthesis of a variety of Hh signaling inhibitors raise great expectation that inhibiting Hh signaling may be effective in human cancer treatment. Cyclopamine (Cyc), an alkaloid from the Veratrum plant, is a specific natural product inhibitor of the Hh pathway that acts by targeting smoothened (SMO) protein. However, its poor so...

Changes in proportions of luteal cells after buserelin treatment were studied in the corpus luteum (CL) that was present at the time of treatment (CLP) and in the buserelin-induced CL (CLI) of cyclic and acyclic postpartum cows. On d 0 of the experimental period, eight cyclic (Cyc-sal) cows were injected with saline, whereas eight cyclic (Cyc-bus) cows and eight acyclic (Acyc-bus) cows were tre...

Although the accepted standard of care during the induction treatment of active lupus nephritis (LN) has been cyclophosphamide (CYC), recent trials suggest that calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs), which include cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (TAC), may be just as, or even more, effective and less toxic than CYC. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to evaluate the clinical effec...

Leaf extracts of 14-d-old pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Homesteader) seedlings were examined for folate derivatives and for 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (SYN), 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase (CYC), and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (DHY) activities. Microbiological and enzyme assays showed that leaf folates SYN, CYC, and DHY were predominantly cytosolic. Extracts...

Secreted morphogens induce distinct cellular responses in a concentration-dependent manner and act directly at a distance. The existence of morphogens during mesoderm induction and patterning in vertebrates has been highly controversial, and it remains unknown whether endogenous mesoderm inducers act directly as morphogens, function locally or act through relay mechanisms. Here we test the morp...