In part one of this article I reviewed the history of Asclepius and the Caduceus of Hermes as medical symbols and made a tentative suggestion of using the mythical bird Simurgh as an Iranian symbol of medicine. In this, the second part, I shall describe the evolution of the myth of the Simurgh and discuss the medical relevance of this bird in Iranian history.

The thesis of this paper is that in the digital age we are moving away from words and concepts characteristic print age, towards use images symbols. I distinguish between objective symbols as mathematics, cultural poetry religion. Students must learn to move recognizing rules language internalizing norms culture, according analogy learning. Ricoeur’s theory interpretation explains passage recog...

the subject of womanhood is an attempt to explain why the woman is a symbol of self. i will start the paper with the story of “a’arabi and the caliph” from the view point of symbol and then i will continue with the definition of self, symbol, why the woman is a symbol of self as it is believed by mystics. the allegorical result based on najm razi’s theory shows the accompaniment of self with wi...

abstract eating and drinking are essential for life. there are clinical situations that artificial hydration is necessary. for dying patients artificial hydration looks useless and in many conditions could even be harmful (e.g. pulmonary edema in hypoalbuminemic patients). in our medical culture artificial hydration is a symbol of care to the patient and withholding it, is a very emotive issue,...