Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a means of measuring the chemical composition, often referred to as metabolites, of the human body non-invasively and in vivo. It is a research tool mostly used in the investigation of neurological disorders [1]. Since its concentration is reported to be constant most of the time, signal from brain tissue water has been used previously as a reference in ...

Radiotherapy employs high energy radiation for the purpose of cancer treatment. Precise patient positioning is essential with the current use of complicated treatment plans. Portal imaging is often used for pre and during treatment anatomical setup verification. Currently the most advanced and widely used amorphous silicon Electronic portal imaging device (EPID) (aSi 1000) and the TrueBeam line...