iran is a large country with a total area of 1,645,000 square kilometers. the country’s population is estimated at about 31 millions. there is an uneven distribution of the population, varying from 2 to 50 per square kilometer. sixty per cent of the total population (18 millions) is living in nearly 66,000 small and large village’s scattered throughout the country. a total of 10,000 physicians ...

although american health policy debates address similar problems to other developed nations, it has factual and ideological specificities. i agree with chinitz and rodwin on the dominance of micro-economics thinking. however, i am not certain that learning from management theory or modifying medical education will be powerful enough to change the system. the vested interests of the stakeholders...

patients and methods a questionnaire was developed by a departmental checklist focus group, which aimed to identify the perception of health care checklists in general as well as specific checklists for routine and crisis situations in anesthesia. furthermore participants were asked regarding their perception of performing routine anesthesia and managing crisis situations without any cognitive ...

background: there are challenges ahead of short-term hospitalization of low-risk patients hospitalized only for monitoring of severe disease who may die soon after admission. the purpose of this study was to suggest strategies for the management of icu stay lengths and to ensure optimal use of icu resources.   methods: the study was conducted retrospectively on 246 patients admitted to 9 genera...

abstract background: primary immunodeficiency diseases (pid) are heterogeneous group of inherited disorders mainly characterized by recurrent infections leading to several times hospital admissions. the economic impact of pid is a challenging issue; therefore, this study was designed to determine the medical costs of hospitalizations in this group of patients as an indicator of the direct cost ...

background and purpose: considering the obstacles against the implementation of ethical decisions by nurses, experiencing moral distress is one of the major issues in this profession. moral distress could have negative effects on the physical and mental health of nurses, quality of patient care and performance of health organizations. given the importance of addressing moral distress in working...

when the japanese government adopted western medicine in the late nineteenth century, it left intact the infrastructure of primary care by giving licenses to the existing practitioners and by initially setting the hurdle for entry into medical school low. public financing of hospitals was kept minimal so that almost all of their revenue came from patient charges. when social health insurance (s...

background: cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation (cpcr) training is essential for all hospital workers, especially junior residents who might become the manager of the resuscitation team. in our center, the traditional cpcr knowledge training curriculum for junior residents up to 5 years ago was lecture-based and had some faults. this study aimed to evaluate the effect of a problem-based meth...

in recent years, medical and health care consumption has risen, making health risk an important determinant of household spending and welfare. we aimed to examine the determinants of medical and health care expenditure to help policy-makers in the improvement of china's health care system, benefiting the country, society and every household. this paper employs panel data from china's provinces ...