The discharge profiles of identified abducens, accessory abducens, and orbicularis oculi motoneurons have been recorded extra- and intracellularly in alert behaving cats during spontaneous, reflexively evoked, and classically conditioned eyelid responses. The movement of the upper lid and the electromyographic activity of the orbicularis oculi muscle also were recorded. Animals were conditioned...

OBJECTIVE To design a bidimensional facial movement measuring tool and study its reliability. METHODS We utilized the free video-analysis software Kinovea that can track preselected points during movements and measure two-point distances off-line. Three raters positioned facial markers on 10 healthy individuals and video-taped them during maximal bilateral contractions of frontalis, corrugato...

BACKGROUND The techniques of lower blepharoplasty are evolving to reflect the concept that the lower eyelid contour does not stop at the inferior orbital rim, and that the lid-cheek junction must often be modified to restore the midface to a youthful configuration. Multiple procedures have been proposed to smooth the lid-cheek junction and tear trough. The author proposes a technique of carbon ...

Lower Eyelid Orbicularis Oculi Myocutaneous Flap: A Feasible Technique for Full Thickness Upper Reconstruction

Objectives: Selective orbicularis neuromyectomy for postparetic periocular synkinesis was first reported in 2015. This study aims to statistically evaluate the accumulated outcomes and stability of this treatment.

In this study, we aim to understand the morphology and structure of upper lip orbicularis oris muscle, and to provide clinical evidence for evaluating the effect of repair operation in cleft lip. Subjects included 106 healthy people and 36 postoperative patients of unilateral cleft lip. The upper lip orbicularis oris muscle was scanned using ultrasound in natural closure and pout states. Our re...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the pathophysiological mechanism of hemifacial spasm (HFS), we performed electrophysiological examinations, such as supraorbital nerve stimulation with orbicularis oris muscle recording and lateral spread tests, after suppressing the patient's central nervous system by administering intravenous diazepam. METHODS Six patients with HFS were recruited. Supraorbital nerve st...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether monitoring facial nerve motor-evoked potentials (FNMEPs) elicited by transcranial electrical stimulation during microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS) is useful for predicting postoperative outcome. METHODS The authors analysed FNMEP findings in 25 patients with HFS. Corkscrew electrodes positioned at C3 or C4 and Cz were used to deliver su...

There are few reports comparing the muscle fiber morphometry between human fetuses and adults. Data on fetal and adult muscle fibers would be valuable in understanding muscle development and various muscle diseases. This study investigated human muscle fiber growth to clarify the difference between the facial muscles and skeletal muscles. The specimens were obtained from three (6-month-old) mal...

OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to investigate the success rate of using the facial motor evoked potential (FMEP) of orbicularis oculi and oris muscles for facial nerve function monitoring with use of a stepwise protocol, and its usefulness in predicting facial nerve outcome during cerebellopontine angle (CPA) surgeries. METHODS FMEPs were recorded intraoperatively from 60 patients undergo...