PURPOSE Our goal was to determine whether the extraocular muscles in patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (CPEO) could be distinguished from those of age-matched control subjects by MR imaging. METHODS Nine patients with CPEO and eight age-matched healthy control subjects were studied. The extraocular muscles of eight of the patients (16 eyes) and all the control subject...

Vertical fusional vergence (VFV) normally compensates for slight vertical heterophorias. We employed magnetic resonance imaging to clarify extraocular muscle contributions to VFV induced by monocular two-prism diopter (1.15°) base-up prism in 14 normal adults. Fusion during prism viewing requires monocular infraduction. Scans were repeated without prism, and with prism shifted contralaterally. ...

BACKGROUND Patients with 'A' or 'V' pattern esotropia without vertical muscle overaction have traditionally been treated with medial rectus recession and vertical transposition of the muscle insertions. METHOD Seven cases are presented treated by slanting muscle insertions, whereby the lower margin of the medial rectus is preferentially recessed more than the upper margin in esotropia, and th...

Purpose To report a case of inferior rectus muscle hypoplasia with esotropia, which was treated successfully by resection and anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle. Observations A 1-year-old boy presented with esotropia. He had esotropia of 15-30° and intermittent left hypertropia. At the age of 3 years, the alternate prism cover test showed esotropia of 35Δ and left hypertrop...

PURPOSE The rectus extraocular muscles pass through fibromuscular connective tissue pulleys that stabilize muscle paths and control the direction of muscle pull. The authors investigated whether abnormal forces associated with superior oblique palsy can cause displacement of pulleys and muscle paths. METHODS Coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showing significantly reduced superior obliq...

In recent years, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has improved the treatment of sinus disorders. However, various orbital complications have been reported, including optic nerve damage, orbital hemorrhage, infection, lacrimal drainage system injury, and strabismus. Complications are rare but may cause severe morbidity. We describe two patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery pr...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To report on the outcomes of treating children with a persistent esotropia with an injection of botulinum toxin in a medial rectus muscle. PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical records were reviewed of all children at one institution with a persistent esotropia after bilateral medial rectus recessions and bilateral lateral rectus resections then treated with a botulinum toxi...

Acquired esotropia with high myopia may be associated with superotemporal eyeball prolapse from the muscle cone and the subsequent shift of extraocular muscles limits the success of the traditional recession-resection surgery. In this study, we report two patients diagnosed with myopic strabismus fixus with esodeviation >90 prism diopter. Marked axial elongation of globes was present in both th...

background: gait disorder is a common motor complication after stroke. studies have revealed that conventional physiotherapy cannot manage this disorder efficiently; therefore, more studies regarding efficient treatment protocols are crucial. the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of compelled weight-bearing approach on muscle activation patterns during walking in individuals w...