NPY exerts anxiolytic effects, which are mediated by activation of Y1 receptors in the amygdala. It has been shown that diazepam counteracts the anxiogenic effect of Y1 receptor antagonists, suggesting that NPYergic and GABAergic systems are coupled in the regulation of anxiety. We used a transgenic mouse model, expressing a mouse Y1 receptor-beta-galactosidase fusion gene (Y1R/LacZ), to study ...

The accessory olfactory bulb normally receives chemosensory input from the vomeronasal organ. Input from accessory bulb to medial amygdala for natural pheromone-containing conspecific chemosignals activates both anterior and posterior medial amygdala and elicits or modulates reproductive and social behavior. Here, a non-specific activation of accessory olfactory bulb by infusion of mGluR2 agoni...

Chemosensory and hormonal signals, both of which are essential for mating in the male Syrian hamster, are relayed through a distinct forebrain circuit. Immunocytochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase, a catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme, previously revealed immunoreactive neurons in the anterior and posterior medial amygdaloid nucleus, one of the nuclei within this pathway. In addition, dopamine-i...

The review presents the latest literature describing Central nucleus of Amygdala complex brain (CE), which is an important link in autonomic nervous network. It appears early stages evolution telencephalon. This determines its solid phylogenetic age and explains heteromorphy, manifested by presence a number subnucleus: medial, intermediate, lateral latero-capsular. article provides information ...

The medial nucleus of the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and medial preoptic area appear to mediate steroidal regulation of mating behavior in male rodents. The mechanism of action has not been determined. One way testosterone could enhance neuronal function is by increasing neurotransmitter levels, thus altering neuronal transmission. To assess this hypothesis, we examined the ...

Background The basolateral complex of the amygdala receives inputs from neocortical areas, including the medial prefrontal cortex and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Earlier studies have shown that lateral orbitofrontal cortex activation exerts an inhibitory gating on medial prefrontal cortex-amygdala information flow. Here we examined the individual role of GABAA and GABAB receptors in this proc...

The amygdala is critical for the production of appropriate responses towards emotional or stressful stimuli. It has a characteristic neuronal activation pattern to acute stressors. Chronic pain and stress have each been shown independently modulate activity amygdala. Few studies investigated effect injury, on stress. This study effects neuropathic injury response an restraint constriction right...

The amygdala is a forebrain center involved in functions and behaviors that are critical for survival (such as control of the neuroendocrine system and homeostasis, and reproduction and fear/escape responses) and in cognitive functions such as attention and emotional learning. In mammals, the amygdala is highly complex, with multiple subdivisions, neuronal subtypes, and connections, making it v...

In many species social behaviors are dependent on integration of chemosensory and hormonal cues. Many chemosensory stimuli are detected by the vomeronasal organ, which projects to many regions that contain steroid receptors, including the medial amygdala. In male hamsters, testosterone is known to acutely increase in response to chemosensory stimulation, and can facilitate sexual behavior by di...

The goal of the present study was to examine the contribution of thalamo-amygdala and thalamo-cortico-amygdala projections to fear conditioning. Lesions were used to destroy either the thalamo-cortico-amygdala projection, the thalamo-amygdala projection, or both projections, and the effects of such lesions on the acquisition of conditioned fear responses (changes in arterial pressure and freezi...