Escherichia Coli is the ubiquitous microorganism contaminating the drinking water. This study is using granular bed filtration as a vigorous, simple and economical method to prevent the penetration of bacterial contamination, by discovering an alternative filter media from local source namely the burnt oil palm shell (BOPS). The result indicated that dual media BOPS/sand were higher reduction a...

Crumb rubber media have been beneficially invented for ballast water and tertiary wastewater treatment. There is a critical need for precise prediction of clean-bed head loss for engineering design purposes. Pilot crumb rubber filters were tested to study their clean-bed head loss under the influences of three design and operational parameters media size, media depth, and filtration rate . Data...

in this study the filtration rate of nitrogen and phosphorus components by swan mussel anodonta cygnea in a closed system was investigated. the system was built of a 100 liters main tank and 4 recipients of 2.5 liters each (one of these as control) and one tank for returning of water. three treatments of different concentrations of nitrogen (80, 100 and 200 mg/l) and of phosphorus (20, 40 and 6...

Many contaminants of interest in water and wastewater are particles, or are made into particles for removal. Typical municipal wastewater treatment plants include both primary and secondary sedimentation, and those with tertiary treatment likely have granular media filtration. Typical drinking water plants using surface water supplies have flocculation, gravity separation (sedimentation or flot...