In recent years, there is a trend of improving the performance and efficiency all existing measuring instruments due to leap in technology. Almost every industry uses variety technologies that apply temperature control. Temperature heated body can be estimated by parameters its thermal radiation, which are electromagnetic waves different lengths. measurement necessary for comfortable automatic ...

Abstract Expressions for particle image velocimetry (PIV) mean error and variance are derived iterative deformation method algorithms. The analytical expressions explicitly account the role of in- out-of-plane displacements, displacement gradients, diameter, fill factor imaging sensor, noise, light sheet intensity distribution, seeding concentration, interpolation function used to deform PIV im...