Maintaining human thermal comfort (HTC) is essential for pedestrians because people outside can be more susceptible to heat stress and heat stroke. Modification of street microclimates using tree canopy cover can provide important benefits to pedestrians, but how beneficial and under what circumstances is not clear. On sunny summer days, microclimatic measures were made in residential streets w...

Mean radiant temperature (MRT) is one of the six primary factors that determine thermal comfort in a given environment. In this study, average was determined using calculation method based on surrounding surface temperatures and view factors. The present study specifically investigated use calculated temperature, compared to measured for predicting mean vote (PMV) percentage dissatisfied (PPD) ...

An effective environmental temperature (EET) developed for newborn piglets describes the thermal environment by incorporating the mean radiant temperature, dry-bulb temperature, and air velocity near the newborn. The adequacy of the defined EET was analyzed by comparing with three published studies on newborn sensible heat loss. Results from the published studies indicate that the EET predicted...

The objective of this study is to determine the most energy efficient and cost effective combination of architectural elements and mechanical systems to specify in an office building while maintaining a comfortable and healthy indoor environment for the occupants. A commercial office building located in the Minneapolis area with three heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems an...

The radiant time series method is a new method for performing design cooling load calculations, derived from the heat balance method. It effectively replaces all other simplified (non-heat-balance) methods such as the cool#zg load temperature difference~solar cooling load~cooling load factor method (CLTD/SCL/CLF), the total equivalent temperature difference~time averaging method (TETD/TA), and ...

Temperature/emissivity estimation from remotely measured radiances generally assumes that scene elements represented by pixels in fact have a single emissivity spectrum and are isothermal. Thus, estimated temperatures and emissivities are effective values that would be found if these simplified assumptions were met. In reality, the physical scene is neither homogeneous nor isothermal, and the e...