the notion of a probabilistic metric  space  corresponds to thesituations when we do not know exactly the  distance.  probabilistic metric space was  introduced by karl menger. alsina, schweizer and sklar gave a general definition of  probabilistic normed space based on the definition of menger [1]. in this note we study the pn spaces which are  topological vector spaces and the open mapping an...

We show that the category of convergence approach spaces is a simultaneously reective and coreective subcategory of the category of latticevalued limit spaces. Further we study the preservation of diagonal conditions, which characterize approach spaces. It is shown that the category of preapproach spaces is a simultaneously reective and coreective subcategory of the category of lattice-valued p...

In this paper, we characterize local $T_{0}$ and $T_{1}$ quantale-valued gauge spaces, show how these concepts are related to each other and apply them to $mathcal{L}$-approach distance spaces and $mathcal{L}$-approach system spaces. Furthermore, we give the characterization of a closed point and $D$-connectedness in quantale-valued gauge spaces. Finally, we compare all these concepts to each o...

in recent years many transformations have occurred in iranian society and women and girls still have a lot of worries about comes to urban public spaces. also, due to some ambiguities in defining the domain of public space in traditional islamic cities and gaps in the knowledge related to the kurdish cities, the main problem of this paper is how we can define a participatory approach to improve...

Recently, Cho et al. [Y. J. Cho, R. Saadati, S. H. Wang, Common xed point theorems on generalized distance in ordered cone metric spaces, Comput. Math. Appl. 61 (2011) 1254-1260] dened the concept of the c-distance in a cone metric space and proved some xed point theorems on c-distance. In this paper, we prove some new xed point and common xed point theorems by using the distance in ordered con...