Existing insight suggests that maternal effects have a substantial impact on evolution, yet these predictions assume that maternal effects themselves are evolutionarily constant. Hence, it is poorly understood how natural selection shapes maternal effects in different ecological circumstances. To overcome this, the current study derives an evolutionary model of maternal effects in a quantitativ...

background: evidence proposes that maternal calcium (ca) supplement during pregnancy may be inversely associated with the off spring’s blood  pressure (bp) level. it is suggested that increased maternal ca intake during pregnancy may result in lower bp in the off spring. the reduction in the incidence of hypertension in mothers is documented but the effects on the off spring are uncertain.mater...

this field study was conducted on 60 women who working in related centers of universities of medical sciences in tehran. data gathering tool was maternal separation anxiety questionnaire that designated by hock & et al. (1982).  findings revealed that majority of the research units (71.7%), have high degree of maternal separation anxiety. mean degree of maternal separation anxiety was (21.22±3....

1 Estimates of variances due to differential expression of paternally and maternally 2 derived genes can be obtained from animal model type analyses by fitting appropriate 3 gametic effects. This is feasible for large scale analyses, as the inverse of the gametic 4 relationship matrix can be set up directly from a list of pedigrees. 5 We present a series of analyses applying such model for larg...

Background and Objective: Hypothyroidism leads to an increased risk of overweight and obesity. This study examined the effect of weight gain caused by hypothyroidism on maternal health (hypertension, gestational diabetes, and miscarriage) for the first time. Materials and Methods: This case-control study consisted of 123 pregnant women with clinical hypothyroidism and 242 non-hypothyroid pregn...

Maternal effects have become an important field of study in evolutionary ecology and there is an ongoing debate regarding their adaptive significance. Some maternal effects can act to increase offspring fitness and are called ‘adaptive maternal effects’. However, other maternal effects decrease offspring fitness and there is confusion regarding whether certain maternal effects are indeed adapti...

in this research, 6517 records, collected by khojir sheep breeding station (tehran, iran), during 1991 to 2011 were used to estimate genetic parameters of lamb survival in zandi sheep. genetic parameters were estimated using 16 different models of animal model, sire and threshold models using reml procedures. the aic criterion was used to evaluate the models. the effects in the most suitable an...

conclusions the pregnancy adaptation training package increased the adaptation and maternal-fetal attachment scores in pregnant women with a history of baby loss. results before the intervention, there were no statistically significant differences between the study and control groups in terms of maternal-fetal attachment (p = 0.280) and adaptation to pregnancy (p = 0.883). however, following th...

Calving complications have an incidence on the economic profitability of dairy herds. In the Walloon Region of Belgium, calving ease data recording is being done on voluntary basis since 2000. This allows now the implementation of a genetic evaluation of Holstein dairy cattle addressing the need of dairy breeders to select bulls in order to reduce frequency of calving problems. Calving ease sco...