Young stars are surrounded by copious amounts of circumstellar material. Its composition, in particular its gas-to-dust ratio, is an important parameter. However, measuring this ratio is challenging, because gas mass estimates are often model dependent. X-ray absorption is sensitive to the gas along the line-of-sight while optical/near-IR extinction depends on the dust. Therefore, the absorber’...

Titanium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via a solvothermal treatment of titanium isopropoxide in the presence of L-lysine (lysine). The prepared nanostructures characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), diffraction scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and...

This paper proposes a theory of creativity, referred to as honing theory, which posits that creativity fuels the process by which culture evolves through communal exchange amongst minds that are self-organizing, self-maintaining, and self-reproducing. According to honing theory, minds, like other self-organizing systems, modify their contents and adapt to their environments to minimize entropy....

One goal of e-learning is to enhance the interoperability and reusability of learning resources. However, current elearning systems do little to adequately support this. In order to achieve this aim, the first step is to consider how to assist instructors in re-organizing the existing learning objects. However, when instructors are dealing with a large number of existing learning objects, manua...

We humans are good at detecting visual patterns. Driving a car, scanning the headlines of newspapers or noticing that a single tile is out of alignment in your bathroom, during most of our daily activities we rely heavily upon the information we can extract from what our eyes can see. Our affinity for visual imagery can be used to effectively and efficiently convey information. This has been do...

payment mechanism health insurance is a serious challenge for policy makers, access to health, continuing care, need to technology, huge expenses a considerable part of health funds is collected. therefore organizing and designing appropriate policies for organizing, financing, payment mechanism for providers and role of diagnostic related groups system. in this study, our main objective study ...