BACKGROUND Wasting is a prominent feature of tuberculosis and may be more severe among individuals with HIV coinfection. It is likely that several biological mechanisms, including the anorexia of infection, are contributing to wasting. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether leptin concentrations, in relation to the inflammatory cytokine response and level of HIV infectio...

BACKGROUND Development of successful anabolic strategies to reverse the loss of lean body mass is of critical importance to increase survival in men with the AIDS wasting syndrome. Hypogonadism, an acquired endocrine deficiency state characterized by loss of testosterone, occurs in more than half of all men with advanced HIV disease. It is unknown whether testosterone deficiency contributes to ...

BACKGROUND Muscle wasting in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other catabolic disorders contributes to morbidity and mortality, and there are no therapeutic interventions that regularly and safely block losses of muscle mass. We have obtained evidence that impaired IGF-1/insulin signalling and increases in glucocorticoids, myostatin and/or inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the developme...

SUMMARY Seamounts are volcanic constructs that litter the seafloor. They important for understanding numerous aspects of marine science, such as plate tectonics, melt budget, oceanic circulation, tsunami wave diffraction, tidal energy dissipation and mass wasting. Geometrically, seamounts come in many sizes shapes, purpose modelling them morphological, gravimetric or isostatic studies it is con...

Skeletal muscle provides a fundamental basis for human function, enabling locomotion and respiration. Transmission of external stimuli to intracellular effector proteins via signalling pathways is a highly regulated and controlled process that determines muscle mass by balancing protein synthesis and protein degradation. An impaired balance between protein synthesis and breakdown leads to the d...

BACKGROUND Nutritional changes during and after tuberculosis treatment have not been well described. We therefore determined the effect of wasting on rate of mean change in lean tissue and fat mass as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and mean change in body mass index (BMI) during and after tuberculosis treatment. METHODS In a prospective cohort study of 717 adult patients,...

Muscle wasting is common and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, factors associated with decreased muscle mass in CKD patients are seldom reported. We performed a cross-sectional study of 326 patients (age 65.8 ± 13.3 years) with stage 3-5 CKD who were not yet on dialysis. Muscle mass was determined using the Body Composit...

BACKGROUND Wasting is a major complication of HIV infection. The role of malabsorption in wasting is controversial. AIMS To assess oral intake and malabsorption in a cohort of weight losing HIV infected patients, with or without chronic diarrhoea. METHODS A prospective study using a predefined protocol for HIV infected patients was performed in a gastroenterology and nutrition unit in a uni...

A universal term describing the presence of clinically relevant muscle wasting that warrants medical intervention is required. The term sarcopenia might be used in this context. However, common use now means that sarcopenia is more often regarded as synonymous with age-associated muscle wasting in the elderly. We suggest the term "myopenia" to indicate the presence of clinically relevant muscle...