This is the second volume of essays published to honor Richard Lewontin. The essays are concerned with the history, philosophy, and politics of biology. Like the earlier volume, they demonstrate the uniquely stimulating effect Lewontin has had on young scientists and philosophers. In addition to his own contribution in showing how genetic and molecular approaches can be combined in the study of...

Karl Marx and Leo Tolstoy never met each other, yet within their social criticisms, there is a component of anarchism. This paper asks if Marx’s and Tolstoy’s anarchistic ideas be better understood if we think of them as a form of social prophecy. This paper establishes a three component set of criteria. I analyze Marx and Tolstoy on three criteria: prophetic revelation, revolutionary doctrine,...

Given a directed graph G, a set of k terminals and an integer p, the Directed Vertex Multiway Cut problem asks if there is a set S of at most p (nonterminal) vertices whose removal disconnects each terminal from all other terminals. Directed Edge Multiway Cut is the analogous problem where S is a set of at most p edges. These two problems indeed are known to be equivalent. A natural generalizat...

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labour. Later on, a long section of the first chapter derives various ‘forms of value’ as surface expressions of this congealed abstract labour. These expressions have ‘defects’ which lead, in a dialectical development, to more satisfactory forms. Some Marx scholars try to ignore these Hegelianisms, others consider them an important part of Marx’s argument. Lenin belonged to the latter camp; he...

The Centurion – Halite experiment demonstrated the feasibility of igniting a deuterium – tritium micro-explosion with an energy of not more than a few megajoule, and the Mike test the feasibility of a pure deuterium explosion with an energy of more than 10 6 megajoule. In both cases the ignition energy was supplied by a fission bomb explosive. While an energy of a few megajoule, to be released ...

Two solid-state bipolar Marx modulators are compared in terms of semiconductors overvoltage tolerance capability in abnormal operating conditions such as switching synchronization failure. Simulation results are presented for 4 stages of two Marx circuits using 500 V per stage with 1 kHz bipolar pulse repetition rate, with 5 μs pulse width and 10 μs relaxation time into resistive load.

In a well-known passage from the Eighteenth Brumaire Karl Marx famously formulates the role of Rome in the French Revolution as an instance of history repeating itself: " Men make their own history , but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past. The tra...

This paper presents modelling and analysis of peaking switch used in Marx generator, such that the rise time of the pulse produced by the Marx generator is reduced substantially. Towards this FEMM ( Finite Element Methods Magnetics) software is used for the field modelling of the switch and MATLAB for circuit modelling to observe the rise time. The switch has to produce pulse with sub-nanosecon...