Recent discoveries have reopened the idea that, in the past, Mars had a period of wetness where conditions were similar to those on Earth [1]. If this was the case then it is feasible that these environments may have harboured life. The martian surface today is dry, cold and heavily bombarded by UV radiation, making it an environment unsuitable for any known terrestrial life [2]; the martian su...

Introduction: Reports of methane in the Martian atmosphere have spurred speculation about sources for that methane [1-3]. Discussion has centered on cometary/ meteoritic delivery, magmatic/mantle processes, UVbreakdown of organics, serpentinization of basalts, and generation of methane by living organisms. This paper describes an additional possibility: that buried organic remains from past lif...

In this paper, we have tried to predict earthquake events in a cluster of seismic data on pacific ring of fire, using multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS). The model is employed as either a predictor for a sequence prediction task, or a binary classifier for a sequence recognition problem, which could alternatively help to predict an event. Here, we explain that sequence prediction/r...

In this paper, we discuss ways to attack various reducedround variants of MARS. We consider cryptanalysis of two reducedround variants of MARS: MARS with the full mixing layers but fewer core rounds, and MARS with each of the four kinds of rounds reduced by the same amount. We develop some new techniques for attacking both of these MARS variants. Our best attacks break MARS with full mixing and...

Compared to Earth’s atmosphere, Mars has a thin CO2-rich atmosphere with a surface pressure of about 700 Pa. When normalized to planetary mass (mass of Mars is 10.7% of that of Earth), the abundance of volatiles on Mars is about 0.07% to 6% of that on Earth (when CO2 in terrestrial carbonates is included). Is the depletion of volatiles on Mars a primary feature (because less volatiles accreted ...