We generalise Walley’s Marginal Extension Theorem to the case of any finite number of conditional lower previsions. Unlike the procedure of natural extension, our marginal extension always provides the smallest (most conservative) coherent extensions. We show that they can also be calculated as lower envelopes of marginal extensions of conditional linear (precise) previsions. Finally, we use ou...

in the market for factors of production usually the equilibrium will be stablished on the based of the equality between the value of marginal products of output and their relative price level. on the other hand the value of marginal product of output is a function of observed rate productivity of output and the market capacity of factors of production. thus the fluctuation in the rate of produc...

Estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) that use marginal product model factorizations have been widely applied to a broad range of mainly binary optimization problems. In this paper, we introduce the affinity propagation EDA (AffEDA) which learns a marginal product model by clustering a matrix of mutual information learned from the data using a very efficient message-passing algorithm kno...

A basic tenet of microeconomics is that for a competitive industry in equilibrium the market price of a product will be equal to its marginal cost. This paper develops a model framework and a corresponding empirical inference procedure for estimating longrun marginal cost in industries where production costs decline over time. In the context of the solar photovoltaic (PV) module industry, we re...

This study was designed to determine the technical and economic efficiency levels of the commercial basal feeds enriched with 10%, 5% and 0% rates of LNA (LNA10, LNA5 and LNA0) on the growth performance of brown trout by analyzing the marginal factor cost (MFC) and the marginal revenue of physical product (MRPP). A total of 300 brown trout with an initial individual weight of 4±0.05 g were rand...

Communities along the USA coast are highly vulnerable to coastal storms. Trends in population growth, climatic events and land use are likely to exacerbate future damages. Coastal management entities are faced with decisions about how to manage resources in a manner that improves environmental quality and provides the maximum benefit for coastal populations. This is particularly true along the ...

We discuss optimal constants in a recent result of Rudelson and Vershynin on marginal densities. We show that if f is a probability density on R of the form f(x) = ∏n i=1 fi(xi), where each fi is a density on R, say bounded by one, then the density of any marginal πE(f) is bounded by 2 , where k is the dimension of E. The proof relies on an adaptation of Ball’s approach to cube slicing, carried...

► We assess the impact of Spanish labor reforms that restricted the use of temporary workers. ► We study the gap between an input's value of marginal product and its price. ► Our results suggest a positive and significant impact of these reforms on the permanent labor gap. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o In the 1990s, Spain approved two labor reforms aimed at reducing the unemployment lev...