Literature, one of the branches art, on hand, feeds aesthetic feelings a person, and other it makes important contributions to his cultural, mental, moral development. Each literary work reflects time period in which was written, social cultural structure geography allows us better evaluate this period. Makamat is defined more terms its shape style as narration story by narrator over an imagina...

Literary works that have various purposes such as adding knowledge and entertaining make novels loved by the public in their spare time. Some written author own message to convey for readers. One of values conveyed is sufistic values. The purpose this study find value novel under with it can be a means implementation studies on analysis, comparison analyzing other contribution thought general t...

intertextuality is one of the most important theories in comparative literature, because it deals with effectiveness of literature, just like comparative literature. the theorists believe that any text is the result of absorption and transformation of another text. the maqama technique has had a great impact on european literature in terms of fiction writing and has technically inspired picares...

This study is about the Qur'anic recitation and misinterpretation of word _taghanni_, an attempt to summarise sayings scholars in this section. _Taghanni_ does not mean that one should sing while reciting Quran; rather, it means make their voice beautiful when it. Making required so both reader listener can focus properly benefit. Scholars from past present have disagreed on issue Qur'an with m...

twenty one maqamas of ghazi hamid al-din balkhi’s (died in 559 a.h) work, by the name of maqamat-e hamidi (written in 551 a.h), are studied in present article. the study of 6th and 14th maqamas is postponed because of obvious distinctions of plot structure with the other maqamas. each of maqamas’ plot structure includes 10 functions and develops by increasing or decreasing of the functions. ind...