BACKGROUND Although some studies indicate that bipolar disorder causes high health care resources consumption, no study is available addressing a cost estimation of bipolar disorder in Spain. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate healthcare resource utilization and the associated direct cost in patients with manic episodes in the Spanish setting. METHODS Retrospective descriptiv...

Background: Disturbances in thought, speech, and linguistic processing are frequently observed in bipolar manic patients, but the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. P600 is a distinct, positive event-related potential component elicited by syntactic violations. Using the P600 ERP, we examined neural processing of syntactic language comprehension in patients with b...

Background: Disturbances in thought, speech, and linguistic processing are frequently observed in bipolar manic patients, but the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. P600 is a distinct, positive event-related potential component elicited by syntactic violations. Using the P600 ERP, we examined neural processing of syntactic language comprehension in patients with b...

Background: Disturbances in thought, speech, and linguistic processing are frequently observed in bipolar manic patients, but the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms are not well understood. P600 is a distinct, positive event-related potential component elicited by syntactic violations. Using the P600 ERP, we examined neural processing of syntactic language comprehension in patients with b...

Evaluation of antidepressant choices for the treatment of depressive symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder Objective: Antidepressants are thought to cause manic switches and accelerate cycling in the treatment of bipolar depression. On the other hand, other evidence suggests that antidepressant neither cause manic switches, nor are effective for the treatment of bipolar depression. This st...

BACKGROUND Cyclicity is the essential feature of Bipolar disorder, but the effect of different cycle patterns on the clinical features is poorly understood. Moreover, no studies investigated the relationship between mania and depression inside the manic-depressive cycle. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to verify the presence of a relationship between the manic and the depressive phase duri...

OBJECTIVES Mood state heterogeneity in bipolar disorder leads to confusion in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Recently, the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) showed that two-thirds of bipolar-depressed patients had concomitant manic symptoms, these characteristics being linked to a more severe form of bipolar disorder. Moreover, manic symptoms occurri...

BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is complex and can be difficult to diagnose. It is often misdiagnosed as recurrent major depressive disorder. AIMS We had three main aims. To estimate the proportion of primary care patients with a working diagnosis of unipolar depression who satisfy DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder. To test two screening instruments for bipolar disorder (the Hypomania Checklis...

INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder is characterized by severe mood symptoms including major depressive and manic episodes. During manic episodes, many patients show cognitive dysfunction. Dopamine and glutamate are important for cognitive processing, thus the COMT and DAOA genes that modulate the expression of these neurotransmitters are of interest for studies of cognitive function. METHODOLOGY F...

---------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE----------------------------­ SAPHRIS is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for: • Treatment of schizophrenia. (1.1) Efficacy was established in two 6-week clinical trials and one maintenance trial in patients with schizophrenia in adults. (14.1) • Acute treatment, as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, of manic or mixed episodes associated with b...