LIKUBIN has been prevalent in Taiwan since 1958, attacking most of the commercial varieties such as ponkan, tankan, and sweet orange. Formerly thought to be due to unfavorable soil conditions, such as high moisture content and deficiency of essential nutrients, or to root rot, it was subsequently demonstrated to be caused by an infectious agent believed to be closely related to tristeza virus b...

The bacterial microbiomes of citrus plants were characterized in response to 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las)-infection and treatments with ampicillin (Amp) and gentamicin (Gm) by Phylochip-based metagenomics. The results revealed that 7,407 of over 50,000 known Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in 53 phyla were detected in citrus leaf midribs using the PhyloChip™ G3 array, of which f...

Surrogate pollen induction (SPI) was evaluated on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) donor scions from 5-year-old progeny that were grafted by topworking into the lower crowns of 16-year-old loblolly pine receptor clones in a seed orchard. On each of 25 study trees, one of three pollen induction treatments (wire girdle, saw girdle or control) was applied to 10 receptor branches below the graft loca...

The susceptible species Cedrela odorata and Swietenia macrophylla to attack by Hypsipyla grandella (Zeller) larvae were grafted onto the resistant species Khaya senegalensis and Toona ciliata. Six-month-old grafted plants were then compared to their reciprocal grafts and to both intact (non-grafted) and autografted plants for damage due to H. grandella larvae and for their effects on larval per...

Resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in tobacco lines transformed with CMV RNA 1 is characterized by reduced virus accumulation in the inoculated leaf, with specific suppression of accumulation of the homologous viral RNA 1, and by the absence of systemic infection. We show that the suppression of viral RNA 1 occurs in protoplasts from resistant transgenic plants and therefore is not due t...

Phloem-specific proteins (P proteins) are particularly useful markers to investigate long-distance trafficking of macromolecules in plants. In this study, genus-specific molecular probes were used in combination with intergeneric grafts to reveal the presence of a pool of translocatable P protein subunits. Immunoblot analyses demonstrated that Cucurbita spp P proteins PP1 and PP2 are translocat...

this study examined the phonetic characteristics of persian sentence stress produced by native mandarin chinese speakers. we compared the phonetic correlates of sentence stress, namely fundamental frequency (f0), vowel duration, and vowel intensity in the production of 8 mandarin chinese speakers and 8 native persian speakers. results indicated that mandarin chinese speakers of persian could di...

Using grafting procedures, we investigated the transmission of co-suppression of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase host genes and transgenes and of post-transcriptional silencing of a uidA transgene encoding glucuronidase in tobacco. We demonstrate that silencing is transmitted with 100% efficiency from silenced stocks to non-silenced scions expressing the corresponding transgene. Transmi...

Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), caused by three species of fastidious, phloem-limited 'Candidatus Liberibacter', is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus worldwide. To date, there is no established cure for this century-old and yet, newly emerging disease. As a potential control strategy for citrus HLB, 31 antibiotics were screened for effectiveness and phytotoxicity using the optimized gr...

This paper studied the similarity and dissimilarity for stress patterns between standard and various dialects of Mandarin, focusing on pitch and duration pattern comparison. We analyzed the distribution, pitch and duration patterns for stressed dissyllabic words in Cantonese, Cantonese-spoken Mandarin and Standard Mandarin. For isolated dissyllabic words, it was shown that there was a preferenc...