Ectodermal appendages such as feathers, hair, mammary glands, salivary glands, and sweat glands form branches, allowing much-increased surface for functional differentiation and secretion. Here, the principles of branching morphogenesis are exemplified by the mammary gland and feathers.

Mammary stem cells provide for growth and maintenance of the mammary gland and are therefore of considerable interest as determinants of productivity and efficiency of dairy animals and as targets of carcinogenesis in humans. Xanthosine treatment was previously shown to promote expansion of hepatic stem cells in vitro. The objective of this study was to determine if in vivo treatment with xanth...

Aberrant expression of several cyclin genes has been demonstrated to be associated with many types of tumors. To determine the capacity of cyclin A to function as an oncogene in vivo, wild-type and mutant cyclin A proteins were specifically overexpressed in the mammary glands of transgenic mice using regulatory sequences from the ovine beta-lactoglobulin gene. Several lines of transgenic mice w...

BACKGROUND Infrared thermography is a painless, noninvasive, nonionizing diagnostic imaging exam used in human medicine as an auxiliary tool for breast cancer diagnosis in women. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Define thermographic mean temperatures of healthy mammary glands and compare these temperatures with those of mammary glands with tumors in dogs. ANIMALS Fifty client-owned female dogs were ev...

Vitásek R. , H. Dendisová: Treatment of Feline Mammary Fibroepithelial Hyperplasia Following a Single Injection of Proligestone. Acta Vet. Brno 2006, 75: 295-297. A case of fibroepithelial hyperplasia of the mammary gland in the cat is reported. A seven-monthold female cat was presented for diffuse enlargement of all of the mammary glands. The cat was treated with proligestone (Covinan®) for th...

The present review shows a modern view on the issues of differential ultrasound diagnosis hyperechoic malignant tumors mammary glands. On clinical examples, main ultrasonic semiotic signs structures were noted in comparison with data histopathological analysis.

Certain straiiis of mice are particularly susceptible to the development of spontaneous mammary gland adenocarcinoma. Other straiiis show a marked resistance to such atypical growths. The predisposition to tumor development thus appears to be determined at least part ially by hereditary fact or s. That the predisposition to tumor incidence might be determined or indicated by structural or devel...

To determine the production of recombinant human protein C (rec-hPC) in milk, we created two homozygous mice lines for the goat β-casein/hPC transgene. Females and males of both lines (#10 and #11) displayed normal growth, fertility, and lactated normally. The copy number of the transgene was about fivefold higher in #10 line as compared to #11 line. mRNA expression of the transgene was only de...

Hemophilia A is an inherited X-linked recessive bleeding disorder caused by coagulant factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. The conventional treatment involves the administration of recombinant human FVIII (rhFVIII) preparations. In this study, the mammary gland 'bioreactor' is designed to specifically and efficiently express a foreign protein hFVIII in the mammary glands of transgenic mice. We const...

This study addressed the mechanisms by which suckling regulates cell turnover and onset and maintenance of lactation of individual mammary glands of sows. The effects of no, transient (through 12 to 14 h postpartum), or regular suckling of individual glands during d 0 to 6 of lactation were studied in 5 sows. Nonsuckling was obtained by taping the glands to prevent access to the nipples. Visual...