however, suffer from a problem implied by its title. Dr. Schull's attempts to make the book lyrical lead to the sin of vivid writing, often complicated by inappropriate usages. For example, it seems unlikely that the lanes mentioned on page 15 were "tortured"; "tortuous" is more likely. Can sleep come in "dollops" (page 22)? Do physicians actually ride jeeps like "marauding bees" (page 26)? (Ar...

BACKGROUND Tar is one example of a plant product used in folk medicine and it is obtained from Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.) Holmboe, which is very common in the West Anatolian Region. Old trees that are good for kindling and have thick trucks are preferred to obtain tar. Tar is used not only as traditional medicine but also for protection against both endoparasites and ectoparasit...

Differentiated integration and disintegration are considered key processes of the European project’s dynamics. Opt-outs pressures typically associated with laggards or proponents ‘less Europe’ who do not wish to integrate further, but prefer maintain status quo take a step back. However, differentiation also serves needs champions ‘more move forward despite lack unanimous support so. Both types...

Urdu is a New Indo-Aryan language which uses case markers to express differing semantic functions. The case marker ko marks accusative and dative. It is also used to express a few other spatial and temporal functions. We have studied a variety of semantic usages of ko and propose an unifying explantion of all the diverse usages. We assume that it originated as a spatial postposition from a Sans...

We remark that the A Contrario Argument is an ambiguous technique of justification of judicial decisions. We distinguish two uses and versions of it, strong and weak, taking as example the normative sentence “Underprivileged citizens are permitted to apply for State benefit”. According to the strong version, only underprivileged citizens are permitted to apply for State benefit, so stateless pe...