BACKGROUND Loss of brain volume in first-episode psychosis can be detected using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but subtle changes--not leading to reduction in volume--that may contribute to clinical and cognitive abnormalities, may go undetected. Magnetization transfer imaging (MTI), a technique more sensitive to subtle neuropathological changes than conventional MRI, could yie...

The structural abnormalities in brains of persons suffering from schizophrenia were noticed in neuropathological studies, pneumoencephalography, tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for a long time. The reduction of grey matter volume was present mainly in frontal and temporal lobes and also a decrease of total brain volume with an increase of ventricle volume was observed. The volumetric ...

BACKGROUND Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that affects both the retina and central visual pathway. Magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) is a sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that can detect degenerative changes in the brain. PURPOSE To investigate the geniculocalcarine (GCT) and striate areas in primary glaucoma patients using region of interest (ROI) analysis of ...

In patients with primary progressive (PP) multiple sclerosis, brain MRI lesion activity and burden are low, despite the presence of severe neurological impairment. On the contrary, the degree of cord atrophy and diffuse tissue damage in the brain and cervical cord have been found to be associated with clinical disability. Against this background, this study aimed at providing an in vivo indirec...

The pathogenetic role of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs) in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) without cerebral infarcts remains elusive. Magnetization transfer imaging (MTI) has proved to be a sensitive tool for detecting diffuse microscopic brain damage in NPSLE patients. In this study we examined the correlation between grey and white matter magnetization t...

Fat-suppression technology of magnetic resonance is very important in clinical practice. This article is written to interpret the principle, advantages/disadvantages and clinical applications of some regular fat-suppression sequences in the diagnosis of Bone-Joint Disease, including: 1) frequency-selective saturation (FS); 2) short-TI inversion recovery (STIR); 3) frequency selective inversion ...

BACKGROUND Slowing information processing is common among community-dwelling elderly and it predicts greater mortality and disability risk. Slowing information processing is related to brain macro-structural abnormalities. Specifically, greater global atrophy and greater small vessel disease of the white matter (WM) have been associated with slower processing speed. However, community-dwelling ...

Magnetisation transfer imaging (MTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has a higher specificity than conventional T2-weighted scans to the heterogeneous pathological substrates of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. This review outlines the contribution of MTI in the study of lesion evolution and in the assessment of disease burden in MS. MTI studies of individual MS lesions con...

Bipolar disorder (BP) traditionally has been considered as a recurrent illness with full recovery between episodes, and the absence of neuropathological abnormalities has usually been taken for granted. In recent times, the realization that, for many BP carries a poor prognosis, that cognitive deficits are often persistent and that structural brain abnormalities are detectable with modern imagi...

Since the time that Ormerod, du Boulay, and McDonald wrote their chapter on the neuroimaging of multiple sclerosis (MS ) for the first edition of this volume, continuing advances in the field of magnetic resonance (MR) and MR imaging (MRI) have made tremendous impacts in our understanding of this disease. Over the last few years, findings from (i) “conventional” MRI techniques [e.g., T2-weighte...