Aim Ground lichens have declined in boreal and temperate Europe. The potential causes of the decline were explored by analysing response lichen cover to forest management, site stand variables as well co-existing plants different vegetation subzones. Location Finland. Methods Understorey was surveyed on a systematic network 1721 sample plots forests mineral soil. macrolichen explanatory analyse...

Biodiversity varies with elevation and is affected by disturbances. However, little known about how the associations between diversities of different bryophyte macrolichen functional-taxonomic groups are altered along elevational gradients Knowledge on these might be importance in practical conservation biology, as identifying indicator taxa which easy to monitor could useful estimating a wider...

Human activity is changing air quality and climate in the US Pacific Northwest. In a first application of non-metric multidimensional scaling to a large-scale, framework dataset, we modeled lichen community response to air quality and climate gradients at 1416 forested 0.4 ha plots. Model development balanced polluted plots across elevation, forest type and precipitation ranges to isolate pollu...