the renowned majority of legal theoreticians (uṣūliyyūn) believe that the premises of ḥikmat are three: 1. the possibility of absoluteness and limitation (iṭlāq wa taqyīd); 2. non-provision of evidence (qarīna); and 3. the speaker being in an expressive position. muḥaqqiq khurāsānī, however, has added a fourth premise, i.e., lack of agreed certitude in conversing face to face (takhātub). some l...

The atmosphere of panic and anarchy caused by the Mongol invasion from beginning 7/13th century strengthened idea waiting for a “saviour” to oppose them in Islamic world. In this context, some rebellions with figures Prophet Mahdī took place. Nomadic Turks, who participated such revolts seemed reluctant grasp academic principles Islam period, showed massive favour Baba İshak Mahmud Tarabi, whic...

Since the late 1970s, term Orientalism has been closely associated with Edward Said (d. 2003) and his influential monograph of same name. First published in 1978, advanced a number critiques about discipline “Oriental Studies”, its frequently condescending portrayal depiction Eastern world, complex relationship between knowledge power context Middle East. As revolutionary as Said’s theses have ...

in the early centuries, the land of persia was a scene of clashes, riots, revolutions – great and small – consisting of various political, religious, and social motivations. in the meantime, maybe the least known of all is the uprising of abū ‘īsā iṣfahānī, which, because he and his followers were jewish and as it was a resurgence in a country with a muslim population as well as due to the ambi...