Solar cells are very fragile so they need a encapsulant and encasing for protection and well functioning. However, this makes the panel expensive. Utilizing locally available materials and following the new cost effective lamination process, some solar PV panels are fabricated. This process is used for developing some solar panels for examples 2 W, 5 W and 15 W. These panels are sufficient for ...

Using an "information meter" provided by ideal observer analysis, we measured the efficiency with which human observers processed different walking stimuli against luminance noise and spatial uncertainty to either detect the presence of a walker or to discriminate the walking direction. Human efficiency was examined across four renderings of a human walker: contour, point lights, silhouette, an...

One of the recently considered applications of fiber optic, in their usage in building lighting systems. In this research, in order to reduce energy consumption, by transmission of sun light from the roof to the desired place (i.e. an office), the required standard luminance is produced. The main aims of this research are : 1. Reduction of energy consumption. 2. Making the place compatible with...

To efficiently detect a wide range of light-intensity changes, visual neurons must adapt to ambient luminance. However, how neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) code the distribution of luminance remains unknown. We designed stimuli that represent rapid changes in luminance under different luminance distributions and investigated V1 neuron responses to these novel stimuli. We demonstrate t...

In order to judge whether a surface that one is looking at is white or grey, one needs to consider the intensity of the illumination. We here show that people do not simply use the maximal luminance in the light from the scene as a measure for the intensity of the illumination but also consider how luminance and chromaticity are associated. We suggest that they take into account that there are ...

The recent introduction of strobe lights for anticollision purposes raises the possibility of using temporal patterns of short duration flashes as information carrying signals. The current experiments are concerned with the detection of the minimum duration dark interval between signal light pulses as a function of signal luminance and the psychophysical method of measurement. Experiment I test...

In visual perception, object identification requires both the ability to define regions of uniform luminance and zones of luminance contrast. Neural processes underlying contrast detection have been well studied, while those defining luminance remain poorly understood and controversial. Partially because stimuli comprised of uniform luminance are relatively ineffective in driving responses of c...

It is widely presumed that throughout the primate visual pathway neurons encode the relative luminance of objects (at a given light adaptation level) using two classes of monotonic function, one positively and the other negatively sloped. Based on computational considerations, we hypothesized that early visual cortex also contains neurons preferring intermediate relative luminance values. We te...

Surface albedo is an important concept, useful in explaining how closed systems (such as the Earth Atmosphere) respond to incident radiant energy. Specialist, calibrated equipment is used by geo-scientists to measure ambient and reflected radiation from subject sources – this is often cost prohibitive within a teaching environment. A “semi” calibrated method is presented, utilising simple digit...

HDR video is possible to display the maximum 1200% luminance, however, it limited in SDR display. In this study, we expand high luminance area considering with perceptual performance improve a presentation of As results objective experiments, recognized that proposed method can maximally 0.8 dB WPSNR.