The present paper develops a framework for the analysis and synthesis of linear shift-variant (LSV) digital filters in ,tie frequency domain. First, LSV digital filters are theoretically modeled by the successive use of linear shift-invariant (LSI) filters. On the basis of the model, we present an interpretation of shift-variant spectral modification or filtering. Further, shift-variant digital...

* Linkages between plant growth rate and root responses to soil moisture heterogeneity were investigated. * Root dynamics were studied using genetically identical shoots (Vitis vinifera cv. Merlot) with genetically distinct root systems that promote higher (HSV) and lower (LSV) shoot growth rates (1103P and 101-14 Mgt, respectively). Three quantities of irrigation replenished different amounts ...

This paper describes two rapid, sensitive and specific methods for the determination of fulvestrant in pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). HPLC method was used to study the degradation behaviour. Fulvestrant was subjected to degradation under the conditions of hydrolysis (acid and alkali), oxidation (30% H2O2). The lin...

Linear scan voltammetry (LSV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and voltammetry with adsorptive accumulation (AAV) at a glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) based on mixing glassy carbon spherical microparticles with an organic pasting liquid were used for the determination of trace amounts of carcinogenic 1-nitropyrene (1NP) (the limit of determination around 2.10 mol L for LSV and 2.10 mo...

Our recent work [1] theoretically revealed that speckles can be formed when nanofluids containing a modest volume fraction of nanoparticles are illuminated by a monochromatic laser beam. This paper focuses on the key issues, including the experimental setup, the particle volume fraction of the nanofluid, the flow velocity of the nanofluid and the diameter of the pipe, in measuring the velocitie...

In the stability, sensitivity and predictability studies in geophysical fluid dynamics, linear singular vector (LSV), which is the fastest growing perturbation of the linearized model, is one of the useful tools. However, the linear approximation has strong limitations on the applicability of LSV, since it ignores the nonlinear processes, such as wave-mean flow interactions. The authors have pr...

This paper describes two rapid, sensitive and specific methods for the determination of fulvestrant in pharmaceutical preparations by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). HPLC method was used to study the degradation behaviour. Fulvestrant was subjected to degradation under the conditions of hydrolysis (acid and alkali), oxidation (30% H2O2). The lin...

Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) is proposed to study the predictability of numerical weather and climate prediction. A simple coupled oceanatmosphere model for ENSO is adopted as an example to show its applicability. In the case of climatological mean state being the basic state, it is shown that CNOP tends to evolve into El Niño or La Niña event more probably than linear sing...

Three different analytical methods for the quality control of clozapine in commercial formulations were developed and compared: a liquid chromatographic (LC) method with UV detection, a capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) method, and a linear scan voltammetric (LSV) method. The isocratic LC procedure used a C18 reversed-phase column; the CZE method used an uncoated fused-silica capillary and p...

The diffusion coefficient of isopropanol in alkaline medium using electrochemical methods on Pd electrode has been studied by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) with different sweep rate and chronoamperometry in 1.0 M KOH solution containing 1.0 M isopropanol. Isopropanol oxidation on the Pd electrode is an irreversible charge-transport process and controlled by a diffusion process. The diffusion c...