in order to determine cardinal temperatures and some germination characteristics for type one seed (upper segment) and type two seed (lower segment) of rapistrum rugosum, an experiment was conducted on two type seed and10 levels of temperatures (3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 °c) in completely randomized design with four replications in factorial experimental arrangement in weeds resea...