wax precipitate is one of the most serious issues the oil industry is currently facing, since it can cause some troubles such as increasing of the pressure losses in pipe which subsequently increases the required power for pumpage. to remove this problem, prediction of wax disappearance temperature (wdt) seems necessary. in this study, the pressure influence on the wax disappearance temperature...

Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) was used to determine the bulk metal elemental composition of 62 modern bronze sculptures cast in Paris in the first half of the twentieth century from the collections of The Art Institute of Chicago and the Philadelphia Museum of Art. As a result, a comprehensive survey of the alloy composition of the sculptures of many promine...

The leaf surface is the contact point between plants and the environment and plays a crucial role in mediating biotic and abiotic interactions. Here, we took a phylogenetic approach to investigate the function, trade-offs, and evolution of leaf surface traits in the milkweeds (Asclepias). Across 47 species, we found trichome densities of up to 3000 trichomes cm(-2) and epicuticular wax crystals...

This paper briefly presents how investment casting wax was developed, with a summary of structure, categories of investment casting wax available, properties and wax pattern production. Possibilities of improving the recyclability of the wax are briefly discussed.

Photoluminescence spectroscopy is a key method to monitor defects in semiconductors from nanophotonics to solar cell systems. Paradoxically, its great sensitivity to small variations of local environment becomes a handicap for heterogeneous systems, such as are encountered in environmental, medical, ancient materials sciences and engineering. Here we demonstrate that a novel full-field photolum...

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Traditionally, toolmark test exemplars are produced by applying a tool's working surface to a piece of soft metal such as lead. Soft, pliable metals are primarily used for this purpose because they will replicate the microscopic grooves present on a tool's working surface without damaging the tool. In this paper the authors present an alternative material for the preparation of test toolmarks. ...

Deposition of wax on a cold surface is a serious problem in oil production. Progress in developing more effective wax inhibitors has been impeded by the lack of an established mechanism connecting the molecular structure to inhibitor efficiency. Some comb-like polymers having long alkyl side chains are known to decrease the rate of wax formation. Among several possible mechanisms, we investigat...