This paper approaches first and second-price sealed-bid auctions from the point of view that bidding reveals one’s valuation, and hence comes with a privacy cost which depends on the valuation estimate. The privacy cost applies even if the sale is lost, and negative pay-offs, not possible in regular auctions, are possible. Hence auctions with privacy cost are not equivalent to regular auctions ...

We consider a continuous review inventory system for model involving lost sales reduction through capital investment cost function and the of lead time further which reduces ordering cost. To reduce rate, two forms function, viz. logarithmic power are employed. Two relationships between time, linear considered. develop four models by taking different combinations relationship. Objective study i...

In this paper, we consider the pricing and lot-sizing problem for a product subject to general rate of deterioration and partial backordering. We use impatience functions to model backlogging of demand. We show that even when lost sale and backorder costs are present, the problem is well posed in the reduced space. We provide an iterative procedure for solving the overall problem. We describe s...

The early models of Islamic banks are based on partnership of mudharaba and musharaka (profit-loss sharing) structure. Such equitybased financing are perceived to be superior to conventional financing from the standpoint of robustness to external shocks and from the standpoint of ethics, fairness and social justice. Where profit-loss sharing mechanisms cannot be used, Islamic banks provide othe...

we consider a system consisting of a manufacturer serving several retailers. The manufacturer produces a standard product in a make-to-stock fashion in anticipation of orders emanating from n retailers. Orders from the retailers arrive in batches which sizes follow a discrete distribution. The production time is assumed to follow a k0Erlang distribution. Order inter-arrival time for class l dem...

background : there is a broad consensus among health policy-makers that smoking has a significant impact on both heath system and society. the purpose of this study was to estimate the economic burden of major cancer deaths caused by smoking in iran in 2012. methods : number of major cancer deaths due to smoking by sex and age groups in 2012 was obtained from globcan database. the life expectan...

An important current trend in advertising is the replacement of traditional pay-per-exposure (pay-per-impression) pricing models with performance-based mechanisms in which advertisers pay only for measurable actions by consumers. Such pay-per-action (PPA) mechanisms are becoming the predominant method of selling advertising on the Internet. Well-known examples include pay-per-click, pay-per-cal...

The study sought to determine whether pastoralists have resorted to sale of livestock as a form of insurance against commercialization of cattle rustling in which well structured and managed cartels have organised more intense and frequent cattle raids on pastoralist, and how their decisions have affected their herd size. The study was conducted among the pastoral Baringo community of Kenya. A ...

We present a hit inflation attack on pay-per-click Web advertising schemes. Our attack is virtually impossible for the program provider to detect conclusively, regardless of whether the provider is a third-party ‘ad network’ or the target of the click itself. If practiced widely, this attack could accelerate a move away from pay-per-click programs and toward programs in which referrers are paid...