Academic Medicine, Vol. 89, No. 4 / April 2014 530 has limited benefits and potential harms for the receiving community abroad. As these short-term models become popular, our research group believes that standards are needed to shift this “balance of benefits” more towards the intended service recipients (i.e., the community abroad) while retaining benefits derived by learners and sending insti...

Much research on traditional ecological knowledge (hereafter TEK) has centred in 1) documenting fading knowledge (e.g., Ferguson and Messier 1997; Pieroni et al. 2004), 2) understanding the parallel changes in biological and cultural diversity (Maffi 2005; Harmon and Loh 2010), and 3) assessing the processes and drivers of change that lead to the loss of TEK (Benz et al. 2000; Kingsbury 2001; G...

In the current environment of IT organizations, externalization of services and processes to an external and specialized organization (Raisinghani, Starr, Hickerson, Morrison, & Howard, 2008) constitutes an extended practice known as Outsourcing (Barthelemy, 2003). Outsourcing is the process by which an organization moves or uses certain resources to carry specific tasks for an external organiz...

Cancer develops when cells no longer follow their normal pattern of controlled growth. In the absence or disregard of such regulation, resulting from changes in their genetic makeup, these errant cells acquire a growth advantage, expanding into precancerous clones. Over the last decade, many studies have revealed the relevance of genomic mutation in this process, be it by misreplication, enviro...

We would like to thank Professor Loh and Professor Gelman for their thoughtful comments. Some of the detailed points that the discussants bring up remind us to emphasize that in many regards our article offers only an overview of the scientific questions we aim to address and of the methods, models, and algorithms that we employ. Some technical details are omitted in the interest of readability...