Abstract We use an accounting framework to evaluate the aggregate impact of a common lockdown policy for 85 countries. find that poorer countries devote more labor essential activities are unaffected by lockdown, while richer can easily substitute non-essential employment with work from home. The generates response is U-shaped in income: it drops 32% poorest quintile distribution, 36% middle qu...

Background The first outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was successfully restrained in many countries around the world by means of a severe lockdown. Now, we are entering the second phase of the pandemics in which the spread of the virus needs to be contained within the limits that national health systems can cope with. This second phase of the epidemics is expected to last until a...

Laura Mackay highlights seminal studies that shed light on tissue immunity and the unique biology of tissue-resident memory T cells.

Japan’s government has taken a number of measures, including declaring state emergency, to combat the spread COVID-19. We examine mechanisms through which government’s policies have led changes in people’s behavior. Using smartphone location data, we construct daily prefecture-level stay-at-home measure identify following two effects: (1) effect that citizens refrained from going out line with ...