In order to investigate to what extent perceptual factors affect the borrowing process, we examined the borrowing of English obstruents in Korean by comparing loanword adaptation patterns with the natives’ P-map (Steriade, 2001b). The orthographic classification technique was used to obtain the P-map (e.g., Wiik, 1965; Schmidt, 1996); 40 native Koreans were asked to choose the best matching Kor...

Acoustic analysis of [tSi] tokens produced in native words by two generations of Japanese speakers reveals a systematic influence of prosodic structure on the duration of frication following the release of consonant closure. This phonetic gradience supports a phonological contrast in loanwords that is absent from the native system. Implications of the data for phonological theories of loanword ...

In the field of Mandarin Chinese (MC) loanword study, there is no consensus among researchers about tonal adaptation patterns. The purpose of the current study is to re-examine the syllable onset effect in MC native speakers’ online adaptation of English words. We suggest that there is a difference in the patterns that are observed in established loanwords with settled orthography in MC and tho...