In order to evaluate the effects of short exposure period using a simple methodology, a plain rectangular approximation method to estimate loss of life expectancy (LLE) was devised and applied to evaluate cancer risk. The posed risk was expressed as the time of LLE, which is proportional to the period and concentration of exposure. This method assumes a rectangular survival curve and a flat can...

The main purpose of this work was the preliminary qualitative study of organic compounds in wastewaters of swine slaughterhouses. The samples were collected in a local abattoir and submitted to Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) and Solid-phase Extraction (SPE) with XAD-4 resin as stationary phase. The instrumental analysis was performed by Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometer Detector (GC/MSD...

Locally linear embedding (LLE) is a recently proposed unsupervised procedure for mapping high-dimensional data nonlinearly to a lower-dimensional space. In this paper, a supervised variation on LLE is proposed. This mapping, when combined with simple classifiers such as the nearest mean classifier, is shown to yield remarkably good classification results in experiments. Furthermore, a number of...

BACKGROUND Late Language Emergence (LLE) in the first two years of life is one of the most common parental concerns about child development and reasons for seeking advice from health professionals. LLE is much more prevalent in twins (38%) than singletons (20%). In studies of language development in twins without overt disability, adverse prenatal and perinatal environments have been reported t...

We find a simple linear relation between the thermodynamic entropy and the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE) of an discrete hydrodynamical system, a deterministic, two-dimensional lattice gas automaton (LGCA). This relation can be extended to irreversible processes considering the Boltzmann’s H function and the expansion factor of the LLE. The definition of LLE for cellular automata is based on t...

BACKGROUND Combination antiretroviral (cARV) regimens are recommended for pregnant women with HIV to prevent perinatal HIV transmission. Safety is a concern for infants who were HIV-exposed but uninfected, particularly for neurodevelopmental problems, such as language delays. METHODS We studied late language emergence (LLE) in HIV-exposed but uninfected children enrolled in a US-based prospec...

An analytical procedure based on manual dynamic headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method and the conventional extraction method by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), were compared for their effectiveness in the extraction and quantification of volatile compounds from commercial whiskey samples. Seven extraction solvents covering a wide range of polarities and two SPME fibres coatings...

Linear Linkage Encoding (LLE) is a recently proposed representation scheme for evolutionary algorithms. This representation has been used only in data clustering. However, it is also suitable for grouping problems. In this paper, we investigate LLE on two grouping problems; graph coloring and exam timetabling. Two crossover operators suitable for LLE are proposed and compared to the existing on...

Liquid-liquid extraction-thin layer chromatography (LLE-TLC) has been a common and routine combined method for detection of drugs in biological materials. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is gradually replacing the traditional LLE method. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) has several advantages over TLC. The present work studied the higher efficiency of a new SPE-HPTLC method over ...