Direct fuel oxidization yields major fuel cell power system simplifications and potential performance advantages, particularly for an automotive power plant application. The system simplification is particularly striking when a direct fuel system is compared to an “indirect” fuel cell system in a vehicle (where the fuel on board must be “reformed” and “cleaned” to provide a hydrogen-rich gas “r...

One of the main vibration problems of aerospace vehicles with liquid fuel propulsion system is fuel sloshing. This phenomenon is a low frequency vibrational challenge which can affect the motion of the vehicle and degrade the stability of the main control system. In this regards, the motion of the liquid will be very critical when the frequency of the sloshing is very close to the frequencies o...

Three conventional and novel hydrogen and liquid fuel production schemes, i.e. steam methane reforming (SMR), solar SMR, and hybrid solar-redox processes are investigated in the current study. H2 (and liquid fuel) productivity, energy conversion efficiency, and associated CO2 emissions are evaluated based on a consistent set of process conditions and assumptions. The conventional SMR is estimat...

This paper is concerned with the simultaneous flow of liquid water and gaseous reactants in mini-channels of a proton exchange membrane PEM) fuel cell. Envisaging the mini-channels as structured and ordered porous media, we develop a continuum model of two-phase channel ow based on two-phase Darcy’s law and the M2 formalism, which allow estimate of the parameters key to fuel cell operation such...

The principle drawbacks of any kind of solid nuclear fuel are listed and briefly analysed in the first part of the paper. On the basis of this analysis, the liquid fuel concept and its benefits are introduced and briefly described in the following parts of the paper allowing to develop new reactor systems for nuclear incineration of spent fuel from conventional reactors and a new clean source o...

An important function of the gas delivery channels in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells is the evacuation of liquid water created at the cathode. The resulting two-phase flow can become an obstacle to reactant transport and a source of parasitic losses. The present work examines the behavior of two-phase flow in 500 μm x 500 μm x 60 cm channels with distributed water injection through a...

Because of the most common method of preparing the fuel-air mixture for gasolinefueled engines is port fuel injection (PFI). For reducing the wall-film entering the cylinder in liquid phase, the phenomena of wall-film entering the cylinder in liquid phase should be at minimum lever or be avoided. So the first thing for learning the wall-film is to detect the way of the wallfilm entering the cyl...