The paper deals with the rigorous methods used in the research of concepts representing abstract notions like “friendship”, “love”, “hatred”, “conscience”, and “envy”. Concepts of that kind have no visible physical support in the material world except for the sound forms of the words representing them, thus causing additional difficulties in classification, research and analysis as well as stip...

The availability of robust and deep syntactic parsing can improve the performance of all modules of a Question Answering system. In this article, this is illustrated using examples from our QA system Joost, a Dutch QA system which has been used for both open and closed domain QA. The system can make use of information found in the fully parsed version of the document collections. We demonstrate...

since we cannot manage what we cannot control, and we cannot control what we do not measure, the measurement of knowledge management (km) effectiveness is a very important issue. this study aims at developing a methodology to evaluate the km effectiveness under fuzziness in research organizations. in order to develop such a methodology and to define measures of km effectiveness, first the relev...

Knowledge acquisition is a serious bottleneck for natural language understanding systems. For this reason, large-scale linguistic resources have been compiled and made available by organizations such as the Linguistic Data Consortium (Comlex) and Princeton University (WordNet). Systems making use of these resources can greatly accelerate the development process by avoiding the need for the deve...

By combining multiple clauses into one single sentence, a text generation system can express the same amount of information in fewer words and at the same time, produce a great variety of complex constructions. In this paper, we describe hypotactic and paratactic operators for generating complex sentences from clause-sized semantic representations. These two types of operators are portable and ...

Consideration of the metalinguistic effects of utterances involving vague terms has led Barker [1] to treat vagueness using a modified Stalnakerian model of assertion. I present a sorites-like puzzle for factual beliefs in the standard Stalnakerian model [28] and show that it can be resolved by enriching the model to make use of probabilistic belief spaces. An analogous problem arises for metal...