In this study, total crocin was extracted from saffron stigmas using crystallization method. Ethanol 80% was selected as the best extraction solvent. Crystallization process was carried out in one and two steps at different temperatures. Ethanol 80% was used as crystallization medium. Crocin crystals obtained from the first crystallization had low purity and thus were subjected to the second cr...

This paper discusses an intercomparison campaign performed in the mixed radiation field at the CERN-EU (CERF) reference field facility. Various instruments were employed: conventional and extended-range rem counters including a novel instrument called LUPIN, a bubble detector using an active counting system (ABC 1260) and two tissue-equivalent proportional counters (TEPCs). The results show tha...

Kaolinite particles from two different sources (Fluka and Clay Minerals Society (CMS)) were examined with respect to their ability to act as ice nuclei (IN). This was done in the water-subsaturated regime where often deposition ice nucleation is assumed to occur, and for watersupersaturated conditions, i.e., in the immersion freezing mode. Measurements were done using a flow tube (the Leipzig A...

We discuss here Quantum molecular dynamics models (QMD) and Dual Parton Models (DPM and QGSM). We compare RHIC data to DPM–models and we present a (Cosmic ray oriented) model comparison. The emphasis of this contribution is to high energies, therefore, QMD non–relativistic models (E < 2AGeV) are not treated here. The first relativistic QMD model was RQMD [1]. This model is no longer supported s...

AIM This work investigated the dosimetric properties of a 10-MV photon beam emitted from a medical linear accelerator (linac) with no flattening filter (FF). The aim of this study is to analyze the radiation fluence and energy emitted from the flattening filter free (FFF) linac using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The FFF linac was created by removing the FF from a linac ...

2. Fluka nitromethane ( ^ 99.7 mole % ) and the following Fluka hydrocarbons: trans-2-pentene ( ~ 9 9 m o l e % ) , cis-2-hexene ( ^ 9 9 . 5 ) , trans-2hexene ( ~ 99), trans-3-hexene 99), trans-2heptene 99), trans-3-heptene 99), 1-octene (99.73), trans-2-octene ( ^ 99), trans-3-octene ( ^ 9 9 ) , trans-4-octene ( ^ 99), 1-nonene ( > 97), trans-2nonene ( ^ 99), trans-3-nonene ( ^ 99), trans-4-no...

The atmospheric neutrino flux calculated with FLUKA was originally limited to 100÷200 GeV for statistical reasons. In order to make it available for the analysis of high energy events, like upward through-going muons detected by ν telescopes, we have extended the calculation so to provide a reliable neutrino yield per primary nucleon up to about 10 GeV/nucleon, as far as the interaction model i...