A common decay scenario in old and new buildings was simulated: the effects on masonry structures of salt efflorescence or subefflorescence produced by the rise of saline solution. Eight different types of masonry wall each made up of a combination of different construction materials (brick, calcarenite and four types of mortar were combined as follows: pure lime mortar, mortar + air entraining...

This project was designed to compare and contrast the performance characteristics and properties of a variety of different mortar mixes, with the entire sample set being tested at 28 days. Volume proportioned mortar mixes were produced using both eminently hydraulic lime (NHL5) and Portland cement to give target performance strength specifications of M2, M4 and M6.These target strength specific...

Different ancient mortar samples of Pamplona’s San Cernin church have been analyzed to characterize their binder and aggregate fractions. A complete characterization has been carried out including chemical (rapid approximate analysis, soluble salts and trace elements, using traditional chemical procedures, ionic chromatography and spectrophotometry techniques), mineralogical-petrographic (struc...

Mortars with mud, gypsum and lime as binder have, since ancient times, been used for very different applications. The characterisation of these historic mortars was until 1970–1980 mostly based on traditional wet chemical analyses but the interpretation of these results is difficult and often impossible without a good knowledge of the nature of the different mortar components. More recently dev...

This piece of research was conducted to provide guidance and help theconservation architects for the preparation appropriate lime mortar conservation stonemasonry. A comprehensive detailed examination works on significanthistoric monuments in Lahore carried out Department Archaeology Museums,Pakistan. The results provided analytical description lime, types ofKankar-lime followed by analysis var...

In this study, the researchers investigated the potential use of locally available waste materials from the lime stone quarry and the granite industry as a partial replacement of cement. Quarry sites and granite industry in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia produces tons of powder wastes in the form of quarry dust (QD) and granite sludge (GS), respectively, causing serious environmental prob...

Different dosages of a commercialized potato starch were added to aerial lime-based mortars in order to check its efficiency as a rheological modifier. Several fresh state properties of the mortars were studied: consistency, density, air content, water retention capacity, setting time and evolution when applied on support. The effect of the starch on -potential of the lime particle surface as ...

Hydrated lime is a historic material currently used in conservation. It hardens slowly by carbonation slowing construction however, supplementary cementitious materials accelerate hardening enhancing strength. Hydrated-lime mortars with rice husk ash–RHA-; ground granulated blastfurnace slag–GGBSand increasing amounts of two aggregates were studied. Increasing aggregate lowered strength as inte...

abstract the mosaic art as a decorative element in buildings enjoys several thousand years of age in egypt, mesopotamia, greece, rome and byzantium and is widely usedbut technically speaking, the earliest mosaic forms have poorly made. they were made by insertion of fruit cores or broken pottery pieces in the wet mud mortar of walls. later, the art evolved rapidly and extensively used for archi...