BEP clade of the grass family (Poaceae) is composed of three subfamilies, i.e. Bambusoideae, Ehrhartoideae, and Pooideae. Controversies on the phylogenetic relationships among three subfamilies still persist in spite of great efforts. However, previous evidence was mainly provided from plastid genes with only a few nuclear genes utilized. Given different evolutionary histories recorded by plast...

Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is a rare illness with, as yet, no clear evidence-based guidelines for its treatment. To the best of our knowledge, LCDD has not been previously reported from Saudi Arabia. We present in this report, a 38-year-old Saudi male who presented with clinical features suggestive of hypertensive nephropathy but kidney biopsy later revealed the diagnosis of LCDD. Hi...

Subterranean rodents spend most of the day inside underground tunnels, where there is little daily change in environmental variables. Our observations of tuco-tucos (Ctenomys aff. knighti) in a field enclosure indicated that these animals perceive the aboveground light-dark cycle by several bouts of light-exposure at irregular times during the light hours of the day. To assess whether such ligh...

Mink (Mustela vison) that had been raised on a farm were abruptly changed from ambient light at 42 degrees N latitude to an artificial light regimen corresponding to 45 degrees S latitude. The study was continued for 3 years and included three generations of mink. Animals were raised in a light-controlled room with partial temperature control that kept the temperatures between -3 and 26 C. Ligh...

background this prospective study was designed to examine the role of fibrosis staging on selection and success of treatment options for autoimmune hepatitis (aih). materials and methods the project was conducted on 110 selected aih patients who, based on the results of liver biopsy, had been assigned into one of the three groups (mild, stages 1 and 2, moderate, stages 3 and 4, and severe, stag...

twenty-one patients with advanced breast cancer (7 premenopausal and 14 postmenopausal women) were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (cap). the median age of the patients was 43 years (range 36-61). this therapy was repeated every 3 weeks. nine patients (group 1) received cap as primary therapy for metastatic breast cancer, and twelve patients (group 2) ...

The "Frankfurt rehabilitation regimen" following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is presented. ACL rehabilitation is discussed in the light of knowledge on knee biomechanics and proprioception as well as clinical results of reconstruction. Special emphasis is given to exercise therapy.

Carbon assimilation and leaf water status were studied in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L., Klein E-type multigerm) leaves during a light period in which illumination either increased rapidly to full irradiance or changed gradually in a sinusoidal manner as generally occurs during a natural day. A light regimen that simulated the light of a natural day was produced by adjusting irradiance with a ne...

An irrigation experiment was conducted with three cultivars (Hass, Ettinger and Fuerte) in the avocado plantation of the Akko Experiment Station, Israel, during 1974-80 to determine the effect of irrigation regimen in spring and autumn on tree growth and productivity. Two treatments (wet and dry) were tested in the spring and in the autumn. In spring the trees receiving the wet treatment were i...