Confocal microscopy, which is a major advance upon normal light microscopy, has been used in a number of scientific fields. By confocal microscopy techniques, cells and tissues can be visualized deeply, and three-dimensional images created. Compared with conventional microscopes, confocal microscope improves the resolution of images by eliminating out-of-focus light. Moreover, confocal microsco...

We have developed a pen and writing tablet for use by subjects during fMRI scanning. The pen consists of two jacketed, multi-mode optical fibers routed to the tip of a hollowed-out ball-point pen. The pen has been further modified by addition of a plastic plate to maintain a perpendicular pen-tablet orientation. The tablet is simply a non-metallic frame holding a paper print of continuously var...

A proper segmentation of pen marking enhances shape recognition and enables a natural interface for sketch-based modeling from simple line drawing tools to 3D solid modeling applications; user input is otherwise restricted to draw only one segment per one stroke. In general, the pen marking segmentation is achieved by detecting the points of high curvature-called, segmenting points-and splittin...

A volume angiography system for on-line computation of left ventricular angiograms has been developed utilizing a video disc recorder, a light-pen unit, and a digital computer. The video disc recorder allows for immediate replay and stop-motion of ventricular angiograms on a video monitor. The light-pen is used by a technician/physician operator to define the margins of the ventricular chamber ...

In unconscious patients, pupillary light reflex is an indicator of brain damage. In the current study, a smartphone application was developed for the purpose of measuring pupillary light reflex with an aim to determine the agreement between pupillary light reflex measurements using a smartphone application (APP) and a penlight (PEN). The APP acquires five sequential photographs using the camera...

A light stripe tracking and identification method is proposed for a structured light based obstacle detection system operating in an outdoor environment. The method makes the structured light based detection system more robust and applicable to use outdoors as aid for navigation. The method differentiates between the structured light produced by a light stripe projector and the light stripe kin...

Ion-pairing high performance liquid chromatography (IP-HPLC) was utilized to monitor the composition changes of blue gel pen ink entries on paper stored in different light conditions and natural environment. The chromatographic conditions were optimized by comparing the separation efficiencies of the blue gel pen inks using a series of ion-pairing reagents, including ammonium carbonate, ammoniu...