Ontology specification languages, ontologies of different levels of abstraction, knowledge and data are useful in the life cycle of knowledge-based systems. Since methods of processing some of these kinds of information are still in a research stage, new formalisms for representation of this information are proposed. As a result, extra efforts on developing tools for editing information represe...

During the life cycle of an XML application, both schemas and queries may change from one version to another. Schema evolutions may affect query results and potentially the validity of produced data. Nowadays, a challenge is to assess and accommodate the impact of theses changes in rapidly evolving XML applications. This article proposes a logical framework and tool for verifying forward/backwa...

life cycle assessment (lca) is one of the decision support systems which can be considered for assessing the different approaches of waste management. however, it only considers environmental effects and ignores other decision making options such as economic and social effects of solid waste management. in this research, we consider a combination of three decision making options including en...

effect of five soybean varieties (sahar, jk, bp, williams and l17) on life cycle and fecundity of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua (hã¼bner) was evaluated at temperature of 25 â± 1â°c, 60 â± 5% r.h. and a photoperiod of 16: 8 (l: d) h. the preimaginal development period of males and females was longest on l17 (30.17 â± 0.28 and 29.63 â± 0.23 days) and shortest on bp and sahar. the adult lon...

escalating development of tourism and petroleum industries in small islands such as lavan-iranrequires sound solid waste management. in the present investigation, three scenarios which consist of thecombination of landfill, recycling, incineration and composting and their environmental impacts have beenevaluated for 7514 kg/day of waste generation in lavan island. for this purpose, life cycle a...

in this study a pseudo comprehensive carbon footprint model for fossil fuel power plants is presented. parameters which their effects are considered in this study include: plant type, fuel type, fuel transmission type, internal consumption of the plant, degradation, site ambient condition, transmission and distribution losses. investigating internal consumption, degradation and site ambient con...

kambeiz talebi, the author of the article discusses the urgent needfor topmanagers to change their style in small entrepreneurial firms during a business life cycle. although most leadership theories assume that it is an easy task, but the case studies and practical experience suggest the opposite - managers find it hard to move from an innovative style when the company is young to taskoriente...

This contribution presents a new approach, based on Fuzzy Prototypical Knowledge Discovery, to predict the maintainability of class diagrams done using the Unified Modelling Language (UML), which has great importance on the final quality of object-oriented information systems (OOIS). The prediction model is built from metrics values obtained at the early phases of OOIS life-cycle. We will start...

The benefits or standardisation for interoperability and a description of the organisational structure and standardisation process of ISO is presented. The role of architecture and API standards at different stages in the technology life cycle are described. Examples of the development of open standards are taken from graphics, and the WWW to show the role of standardising different aspects of ...