Ordinal variables — categorical variables with a defined order to the categories, but without equal spacing between them — are frequently used in social science applications. Although a good deal of research exists on the proper modeling of ordinal response variables, there is not a clear directive as to how to model ordinal treatment variables. The usual approaches found in the literature for ...

Category theory provides an excellent foundation for studying structured speciica-tions and their composition. For example, theories can be structured together in a diagram, and their composition can be obtained as a colimit. There is, however, a growing awareness, both in theory and in speciication practice, that structured theories should not be viewed just as the \scaaolding" used to build u...

An historic precedent for the role of foundations in abortion reform may be drawn from the corresponding part thee played in the evolution of American birth control policy. That private foundations here made a large contribution to bridging the “support gap” between the first stirrings of interest in change and its tangible implementation is now well known. Even when government began to show un...

what can be done before more extensive specialist services can be provided. In this respect the role of general practitioners and private practice doctors has recently been canvassed. There has been much criticism both of the liberality of prescribing by independent doctors on the one hand and of the reluctance to prescribe by special clinics. This debate has been reflected in journals and the ...

The null hypothesis significance testing (NHST) is of utmost importance for comparing evolutionary algorithms as the performance of one algorithm over another can be scientifically proven. However, NHST is often misused, improperly applied and misinterpreted. In order to avoid the pitfalls of NHST usage this paper proposes a new method, a Chess Rating System for Evolutionary Algorithms (CRS4EAs...

This ancient institution (one of the first, if not the oldest, asylums for lunatics in Europe) was founded in 1247, during the reign of Henry III., by Simon Fitzmary, a sheriff of London, at Bishopsgate, when it was designated the Priory of Bethlehem, At the dissolution of the religious houses, the property was seized by Henry VIII., who in 1547 granted the Priory, with all its revenues, to the...

This article aims to explore critically John Rawls’ concept of political liberalism which is meant be a response the conflict and contestation ideologies, religions, other comprehensive doctrines in contemporary plural society. The key question how universalized principles justice can formulated conditionof radical pluralism characterized by different doctrines. In answering this question, Rawl...

The article clarifies the essence of such a philosophical and legal phenomenon as mentality its influence on formation Ukrainian community. importance in process forming new modern model community has also been clarified. Based analysis doctrine, conditions society through prism axiological culturological components is revealed. It shows main features our people, which one way or another affect...

The term transgration refers to a labour “movement” across institutional boundaries. This is particularly true for transition economies like China where the majority of its labour forces are subject to be redistributed as part of the adjustment or reconstruction of economic structure from planned to market economy. In front of increasing challenges and uncertainties, different people may have d...