For over a hundred years, the Republican Party used the word “liberal” positively in its platforms and proudly wore the liberal mantle. That may surprise you, but it is true. The finding comes from analyzing words used in all 40 Republican Party presidential year platforms from the party’s origin in 1856 to its 2012 election campaign. In contrast, the 44 Democratic Party platforms staunchly—but...

This article reviews Schmitt’s analysis of international politics from the period of the Weimar Republic to the early years of the German Federal Republic. It highlights the importance of Schmitt’s opposition to Woodrow Wilson’s policies and ‘liberal’ universalism more generally for his understanding of and engagement with international politics. Confronted with the decline of the state (the En...

Until not so long ago, the received liberal view of the history of biology and the social sciences was that social Darwinist and racist theories had been given the kiss of death by their association with the eugenic policies of the Nazis. A revulsion from biological determinism and any analogies between the biological and social came to dominate the post Second World War liberal consensus; psyc...

Criticisms of realism and liberalism, traditionally the two dominant fields within international relations (IR) and international political economy (IPE) theory, have been widespread for the past two decades. What unites these critical theorists is their claim that IR/IPE theory is both ahistorical and decontextualised. What is missing from this critical account is a sustained historical examin...

abstract the feminist movement in the united states like other countries has tried to establish equality for women. from the first attempts to gain constitutional right for vote, up to the current radical demands, feminists have struggled to make changes in the u.s. party politics and obtain their rights within the parties. one of the important issues in which women played a key role in party p...

Despite the fact that democracy promotion is a major part of liberal foreign policies, the discipline of International Relations has not paid much systematic attention to it. Conversely, the study of democracy promotion is dominated by comparative politics and pays hardly any attention to the international system. This mutual neglect signifies a core weakness in the theory and practice of democ...