Abstract In order to investigate the catalytic effects of transition metal oxides submicro-particles on aquathermolysis Liaohe extra-heavy crude oil, catalysts NiO, α ·Fe 2 O 3 and Co 4 are used evaluated during experiments. The optimum mass fraction catalyst water was determined be 5.0 wt% 30 wt%, respectively. reaction time for 24 h, temperature 240 °C. analysis results showed heavy oil upgra...

Regional crop layout has changed significantly due to climate, policy, and other factors, which impacted farmland nutrient balance. Here, we evaluated the impact of changes on N P balance in West Liaohe River Basin from 2000–2015. The study area long been a surplus state. unit exhibited downward trend showed an increasing trend. Significant correlations existed between planting areas surplus. w...

In the process of heavy oil thermal recovery, the creep of strata can often be accelerated due to injection pressure, the temperature of steam, the structural characteristics of rock itself and other factors. However, the effect of creep in strata may cause various types of damage in underground mining, such as fracture or deformation of oil casings, and so on. The mechanism of fluid–structure ...