fundamentals of legal rule is one of the major discourses of the philosophy of law, which has led to the formation of numerous intellectual schools in this field. the main query of the present research is that whether the two schools of “natural law” and “legal positivism” can interact with each other. is the combination of “value” and “reality” possible in a legal system? what is the status of...

Appellate courts make policy, not only by hearing cases themselves, but by establishing legal rules for the disposition of future cases. The problem is that such courts are generally multimember, or collegial, courts. If different judges prefer different rules, can a collegial court establish meaningful legal rules? Can preferences that take the form of legal rules be aggregated? I use a “case-...

Outline Outline Restatement Restatement of of the differences between the differences between legal rules and legal rules and legal legal principles principles Theory of coherence as constraint Theory of coherence as constraint satisfaction satisfaction applied to applied to legal reasoning legal reasoning (a (a glimpse glimpse)) Case study Case study

Whereas in all existing systems, legal reasoning is rule-based, over time legal rules have been amended by exceptions and counter-exceptions. Therefore, legal rules are not strict, but defeasible. We report on an approach of using Defeasible Logic Programming (DeLP) for the development of the LiZ system, a knowledge-based decision support system for private law. A knowledge base containing lega...

although england and the united states are both common law states and their legal systems follow the same rules, each has disregarded certain rules and changed them to suit specific circumstances. for instance, they have both disregarded the common law rule on the insertion of exemption conditions by carriers. regarding carrier’s liability towards passengers, the united states accepts the highe...

For example, the syntax rules of the English language tell us that person, tall, told, the, a, me and joke are legal words, and that The tall person told me a joke is a legal sentence, whereas pkrs, shrel and fdadfa are not legal words, and Person tall told a me the is not a legal sentence. The semantic rules tell us what each of the words mean (e.g., what objects the nouns denote and what proc...