In this paper, we report on the status of the RoboCupJunior league, four years after it was founded. Since its inception in 2000, we have been surveying and/or interviewing students and mentors who participate in the international event. Here we present a high-level overview of this data. We discuss demographics of participants, characteristics of preparation and educational value. We highlight...

Our research is concerned with making a dynamic, closed loop, stabilized kick for the Nao robot. The Nao is a humanoid robot made by Aldebaran Robotics. It is used in the Standard Platform League of the RoboCup, an organization which organizes football (soccer) competitions for autonomous robots. Kicking, of course, is an important part of football, and thus a good kick is vital to achieving go...

This article contains the originals and translations of letters from “Steelyard” Hamburg city council on reservation privileges Hanseatic merchants when trading in London. Due to that fact sources are a part merchant’s business correspondence, they objective informative. The documents inscribed wide historical context characterized by conflict escalation between League British, took place after...

the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of coach change on team performance in iran football premier league and five major european leagues. the design of study was quantitative and the research method was causal comparative. the population of the research included all 340 teams present in iran football premier league and selected european leagues (uk premier league, spain la lig...

There is increasing attention on the intersection of sports and politics, with a particular focus tying owners’ political donations to organization-level outcomes. However, extant research leverages within-league panels over time, so we know little about inter-league heterogeneities donations. Furthermore, work does not explicitly investigate effect election cycles donation patterns. These limi...

The League of Arab States (also known as the Arab League) is well past its sixth decade of establishment. However, it has a long way to go to achieve the objectives enumerated in its charter. In a sense, there is much stronger propensity towards disintegration than integration in the League. This article seeks to study the reasons that account for the failure of such integration in the Arab Lea...

The paper focuses on the strict relation between the continuous changes of the diversified tax regimes of the various types of cooperatives and the political composition of the governments succeeding each other in Italy from the after war period to the present. It emerged that the different types of cooperatives prevailing in the leftwing League of Cooperatives or in the Confederation of Italia...

Relevant studies in economics point out that an appropriate salary structure is good for an organization to improve the productivity of the staff in the organization. In sports businesses, Major League Baseball (MLB) gathers top baseball players of the world in the competition, player’s performance may not only affect the personal performance and performance of the team, more importantly, but a...