OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether or not hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) gene variants are associated with the susceptibility and clinical characteristics of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). METHODS We examined 320 patients with LDD and 447 gender- and age-matched control subjects. We also determined the HIF-1α gene variants, including C1772T (P582S) and G1790A (A588T) pol...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The pathogenesis of Lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) has been extensively studied in the past. In particular, a role of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) in the disease initiation and progression has been recently reported. However, an involvement of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I)-stimulated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3k) / Akt signaling pathway-mediated control of MMP...

Zheng and Barton developed a convenient signaling scheme (orthogonal on-off BPSK (OBPSK)) with a simple one-shot linear decorrelating detector (LDD) for near–far resistant detection in asynchronous DS/CDMA systems. This paper studies the performance of the OBPSK LDD system over a frequency-nonselective and slowly fading channel. Three types of channel model are considered, namely Rayleigh fadin...

Lumbar degenerative disease (LDD) refers to the normal strain of body involving lumbar bone, ligament, intervertebral disc, thereby protruding slippage, spinal stenosis and other lesions. fusion surgery has been proved be an effective strategy for treatment LDD. At present, a variety methods such as anterior posterior have reported. This article aims review discuss reported strategies LDD relat...

This letter presents a near–far resistant detection scheme for asynchronous code-division multiple access with frequency offset. Based on a one-shot technique and Taylor expansion, a zeroth-order and a first-order one-shot linear decorreating detector (LDD) are proposed. The zeroth-order LDD has simple architecture but suffers performance degradation for large frequency offset. The first-order ...

OBJECTIVE Death receptor 4 (DR4), an apoptosis-associated gene, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD). The present study aimed to determine whether the C626G polymorphism (rs4871857) of the DR4 gene is associated with the risk and severity of LDD in the Chinese Han population. METHODS A total of 296 patients with LDD and 208 healthy controls were enr...

Long-distance dispersal (LDD) may contribute disproportionately to species persistence in fragmented landscapes, non-native invasions, and range shifts in response to climate change. However, direct data on LDD are extremely limited, leaving us with little understanding of why it occurs. I used six years of mark-recapture data on the stream salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus to test theoreti...

Most previous attempts at reconstructing the past history of human populations did not explicitly take geography into account or considered very simple scenarios of migration and ignored environmental information. However, it is likely that the last glacial maximum (LGM) affected the demography and the range of many species, including our own. Moreover, long-distance dispersal (LDD) may have be...

We investigated a possible association between interleukin (IL)-10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to and severity of lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) in a Chinese cohort of 320 patients with LDD and 269 gender- and age-matched controls. The degree of disc degeneration was determined by magnetic resonance imaging using Schneiderman's classification. Genetic analysis of I...

The class of rate adaptation schemes based on linear Loss Dependent Decrease (LDD) policies is considered. A particular LDD policy, referred to as the history independent (hi)-LDD policy, is identified and studied here and some interesting properties are shown. Based on these properties it is possible to estimate the fair share and use it to adjust dynamically the control parameters so that a g...